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In algebra, a monic polynomial is a non-zero univariate polynomial (that is, a polynomial in a single variable) in which the leading coefficient (the nonzero coefficient of highest degree) is equal to 1.
Applied to the monic polynomial + = with all coefficients a k considered as free parameters, this means that every symmetric polynomial expression S(x 1,...,x n) in its roots can be expressed instead as a polynomial expression P(a 1,...,a n) in terms of its coefficients only, in other words without requiring knowledge of the roots.
The roots of the characteristic polynomial () are the eigenvalues of ().If there are n distinct eigenvalues , …,, then () is diagonalizable as () =, where D is the diagonal matrix and V is the Vandermonde matrix corresponding to the λ 's: = [], = [].
If the degree of the polynomial P is defined in the usual way, the polynomial P is called monic if at least one of its terms of highest degree has coefficient equal to 1. Every commutative ring is a PI-ring, satisfying the polynomial identity XY − YX = 0. Therefore, PI-rings are usually taken as close generalizations of commutative rings.
The minimal polynomial f of α is unique.. To prove this, suppose that f and g are monic polynomials in J α of minimal degree n > 0. We have that r := f−g ∈ J α (because the latter is closed under addition/subtraction) and that m := deg(r) < n (because the polynomials are monic of the same degree).
If x is an algebraic number then a n x is an algebraic integer, where x satisfies a polynomial p(x) with integer coefficients and where a n x n is the highest-degree term of p(x). The value y = a n x is an algebraic integer because it is a root of q(y) = a n − 1 n p(y /a n), where q(y) is a monic polynomial with integer coefficients.
Graph of the polynomial function x 4 + x 3 – x 2 – 7x/4 – 1/2 (in green) together with the graph of its resolvent cubic R 4 (y) (in red). The roots of both polynomials are visible too. In algebra, a resolvent cubic is one of several distinct, although related, cubic polynomials defined from a monic polynomial of degree four:
In a similar way, If f and g are two polynomial arithmetic functions, one defines f * g, the Dirichlet convolution of f and g, by () = () = = () where the sum extends over all monic divisors d of m, or equivalently over all pairs (a, b) of monic polynomials whose product is m.