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She was married at the age of 19 on 10 May 1612 or 16 June 1612 to Prince Khurram, [11] [12] later known by his regnal name Shah Jahan, who conferred upon her the title "Mumtaz Mahal" lit. ' The Exalted One of the Palace '. [13] Although betrothed to Shah Jahan since 1607, [14] she ultimately became his second wife in 1612.
Izz-un-Nissa Begum was the third wife of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.She is popularly known by the title, Akbarabadi Mahal (which probably indicates that she hailed from the city of Akbarabad), [1] [3] and commissioned the Akbarabadi Mosque in Shahjahanabad (present-day Old Delhi). [4]
Shah Jahan launched an invasion of Central Asia from 1646 to 1647 against the Khanate of Bukhara. With an total army of 75,000, Shah Jahan and his sons Aurangzeb and Murad Bakhsh temporarily occupied the territories of Balkh and Badakhshan. However, they retreated from the fruitless lands and Balkh and Badakhshan returned to Bukharan control. [76]
The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1631, to be built in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died on 17 June that year while giving birth to their 14th child, Gauhara Begum. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Construction started in 1632, and the mausoleum was completed in 1648, while the surrounding buildings and garden were finished five years later.
He performed several acts to prove his sincerity, including the execution of Burhan Nizam Shah, the installation of boy prince Hussain Shah as ruler, and the execution of a number of leading officers of the kingdom. Shah Jahan eventually acquiesced and withdrew to the north in 1632, partly due to the death of his wife Mumtaz Mahal a year prior.
In honor of his coronation, on 6 February 1628, [18] Shah Jahan awarded his wife, Mumtaz Mahal, Jahanara's mother, the title of Padshah Begum and 200,000 ashrafis (Persian gold coins worth two Mohurs), 600,000 rupees and an annual privy purse of one million rupees. Moreover, Shah Jahan presented Mumtaz with jewels worth five million rupees.
Roshanara Begum (Persian: روشن آرا بیگم, lit. 'Adorned in Light'); 3 September 1617 – 11 September 1671) [1] was a Mughal princess and the third daughter of Emperor Shah Jahan and his wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
When at last he did arrive, he was promoted above his brother. In May 1623, the formal search for Shah Jahan began under Parviz's command, but again only in name. Mahabat Khan served as the real commander. Shah Jahan met Parviz and Mahabat Khan's forces with a cavalry of 20,000 horses, 300 elephants, and artillery.