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Labetalol is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and in long term management of angina. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] This includes essential hypertension , hypertensive emergencies , and hypertension of pregnancy . [ 5 ]
Although α-methyldopa is generally regarded as a first-line agent, labetalol and metoprolol are also acceptable. Atenolol has been associated with intrauterine growth retardation, as well as decreased placental growth and weight when prescribed during pregnancy. ACEis and ARBs are contraindicated in women who are or who intend to become pregnant.
The mixed alpha-and beta blocker labetalol is especially useful for treatment of concomitant tachycardia and hypertension induced by methamphetamine. [51] The phenomenon of "unopposed alpha stimulation" has not been reported with the use of beta blockers for treatment of methamphetamine toxicity. [51]
Findings indicate that β 2 stimulants, especially in parenteral administration such as inhalation or injection, can induce adverse effects: . Tachycardia secondary to peripheral vasodilation and cardiac stimulation (Such tachycardia may be accompanied by palpitations.) [4]
Bystolic therapy is also associated with warnings regarding abrupt cessation of therapy, cardiac failure, angina and acute myocardial infarction, bronchospastic diseases, anesthesia and major surgery, diabetes and hypoglycemia, thyrotoxicosis, peripheral vascular disease, non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers use, as well as precautions ...
The progress in β-blocker development led to the introduction of drugs with variety of properties. β-blockers were developed having a relative selectivity for cardiac β1-receptors (for example metoprolol and atenolol), partial adrenergic agonist activity , concomitant α-adrenergic blocking activity (for example labetalol and carvedilol) and ...
Betaxolol is most commonly ingested orally alone or with other medications for the management of essential hypertension. [4] It is a cardioselective beta blocker, targeting beta-1 adrenergic receptors found in the cardiac muscle.
[2] [3] This may be done with labetalol or sodium nitroprusside given by injection into a vein. [2] In those who are pregnant, magnesium sulfate may be used. [2] Other treatments may include anti-seizure medications. [2] Hypertensive encephalopathy is uncommon. [2] It is believed to occur more often in those without easy access to health care. [2]