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Pricing method whereby the selling price of a product is calculated to produce a particular rate of return on investment for a specific volume of production. The target pricing method is used most often by public utilities, like electric and gas companies, and companies whose capital investment is high, like automobile manufacturers.
Yield management (YM) [4] has become part of mainstream business theory and practice over the last fifteen to twenty years. Whether an emerging discipline or a new management science (it has been called both), yield management is a set of yield maximization strategies and tactics to improve the profitability of certain businesses.
The most well-known (and likely, most broadly applied) heuristic method for a large class of yield management problems is known as the Expected Marginal Seat Revenue (EMSR) algorithm. [6] This heuristic provides a decision rule for allocating inventory for sale at lower prices, as a function of the demand at higher prices and the differences in ...
Price optimization utilizes data analysis to predict the behavior of potential buyers to different prices of a product or service. Depending on the type of methodology being implemented, the analysis may leverage survey data (e.g. such as in a conjoint pricing analysis [7]) or raw data (e.g. such as in a behavioral analysis leveraging 'big data' [8] [9]).
Marketing Research. Newton, D, Miller, J, and Smith, P, (1993) "A market acceptance extension to traditional price sensitivity measurement." Proceedings of the American Marketing Association Advanced Research Techniques Forum. Van Westendorp, P (1976) "NSS-Price Sensitivity Meter (PSM)- A new approach to study consumer perception of price."
Value-based pricing: (also known as image-based pricing) occurs when the company uses prices to signal market value or associates price with the desired value position in the mind of the buyer. The aim of value-based pricing is to reinforce the overall positioning strategy, e.g., premium pricing posture to pursue or maintain a luxury image.
Two very popular methods are 1)- retail inventory method, and 2)- gross profit (or gross margin) method. The retail inventory method uses a cost to retail price ratio. The physical inventory is valued at retail, and it is multiplied by the cost ratio (or percentage) to determine the estimated cost of the ending inventory. The gross profit ...
While it is sometimes used interchangeably, inventory management and inventory control deal with different aspects of inventory. Inventory management is a broader term pertaining to the regulation of all inventory aspects, from what is already present in the warehouse to how the inventory arrived and where the product's final destination will be. [2]