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Librium, based on the R0 6-690 compound discovered by Sternbach in 1956, was approved for use in 1960. In 1963, its improved version, Valium, was released and became astonishingly popular: between 1969 and 1982, it was the most prescribed drug in America, with over 2.3 billion doses sold in its peak year of 1978.
The following is a table of drugs organized by their year of discovery. Naturally occurring chemicals in plants, including alkaloids, have been used since pre-history. In the modern era, plant-based drugs have been isolated, purified and synthesised anew.
Diazepam can substitute for the behavioral effects of barbiturates in a primate study. [129] Diazepam has been found as an adulterant in heroin. [130] Diazepam drug misuse can occur either through recreational misuse where the drug is taken to achieve a high or when the drug is continued long term against medical advice. [131]
The tables below contain a sample list of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine analogs that are commonly prescribed, with their basic pharmacological characteristics, such as half-life and equivalent doses to other benzodiazepines, also listed, along with their trade names and primary uses.
Celexa – an antidepressant of the SSRI class; Centrax – an anti-anxiety agent; Clozaril – atypical antipsychotic used to treat resistant schizophrenia; Concerta (methylphenidate) – an extended release form of methylphenidate
The timeline begins at the Bronze Age, as it is difficult to give even estimates for the timing of events prior to this, such as of the discovery of counting, natural numbers and arithmetic. To avoid overlap with timeline of historic inventions , the timeline does not list examples of documentation for manufactured substances and devices unless ...
Diazepam (1963). Can be given rectally by trained care-givers. Midazolam (N/A). Increasingly being used as an alternative to diazepam. This water-soluble drug is squirted into the side of the mouth but not swallowed. It is rapidly absorbed by the buccal mucosa. Lorazepam (1972). Given by injection in hospital.
Ro5-4864 [1] (4'-chlorodiazepam) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative of diazepam. [2] However unlike most benzodiazepine derivatives, Ro5-4864 lacks affinity for GABA A receptors and lacks typical benzodiazepine effects, [3] instead being sedative yet also convulsant and anxiogenic in effects.