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Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air.The measurement of turbidity is a key test of both water clarity and water quality.
McFeeters index: If looking for water bodies or change in water level (e.g. flooding), then it is advisable to use the green and NIR spectral bands [18] or green and SWIR spectral bands. Modification of normalised difference water index (MNDWI) has been suggested for improved detection of open water by replacing NIR spectral band with SWIR. [19]
Settleable solids are measured as the visible volume accumulated at the bottom of an Imhoff cone after water has settled for one hour. [2]: 89–98 Turbidity is a measure of the light scattering ability of suspended matter in the water. [2]: 131–137 Salinity measures water density or conductivity changes caused by dissolved materials.
Unfortunately neither colour nor turbidity are strong indicators of the overall chemical composition of water. However both colour and turbidity reduce the amount of light penetrating the water and can have significant impact on algae and macrophytes. Some algae in particular are highly dependent on water with low colour and turbidity.
As of 2010 there are six levels in the hierarchy, represented by hydrologic unit codes from 2 to 12 digits long, called regions, subregions, basins, subbasins, watersheds, and subwatersheds. The table below describes the system's hydrologic unit levels and their characteristics, along with example names and codes.
Many water utilities have developed systems to collect real-time data about source water quality. In the early 21st century, a variety of sensors and remote monitoring systems have been deployed for measuring water pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and other parameters. [37]
If the water has a large turbidity spike below 10 metres, the spike is unlikely to be seen by a satellite. For very shallow clear water there is a good chance the bottom may be seen. For example, in the Bahamas, the water is quite clear and only a few metres deep, resulting in an apparent high turbidity because the bottom reflects much band 1 ...
The Trophic State Index (TSI) is a classification system designed to rate water bodies based on the amount of biological productivity they sustain. [1] Although the term "trophic index" is commonly applied to lakes, any surface water body may be indexed. The TSI of a water body is rated on a scale from zero to one hundred. [1]
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