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The Pythagorean theorem has at least 370 known proofs. [1]In mathematics and formal logic, a theorem is a statement that has been proven, or can be proven. [a] [2] [3] The proof of a theorem is a logical argument that uses the inference rules of a deductive system to establish that the theorem is a logical consequence of the axioms and previously proved theorems.
Structured program theorem (computer science) Sturm's theorem (theory of equations) Sturm–Picone comparison theorem (differential equations) Subspace theorem (Diophantine approximation) Supersymmetry nonrenormalization theorems ; Supporting hyperplane theorem (convex geometry) Swan's theorem (module theory) Sylow theorems (group theory)
The precise definition varies across fields of study. In classic philosophy, an axiom is a statement that is so evident or well-established, that it is accepted without controversy or question. [3] In modern logic, an axiom is a premise or starting point for reasoning. [4] In mathematics, an axiom may be a "logical axiom" or a "non-logical axiom".
An area of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, typically used in computer science, logic, and mathematical logic. Boolean negation A form of negation where the negation of a non-true proposition is true, and the negation of a non-false proposition is false. [34] [35] [36] Boolean operator
Proof theory is a major branch [1] of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their analysis by mathematical techniques.
Computational logic is the branch of logic and computer science that studies how to implement mathematical reasoning and logical formalisms using computers. This includes, for example, automatic theorem provers , which employ rules of inference to construct a proof step by step from a set of premises to the intended conclusion without human ...
In mathematical logic, a theory (also called a formal theory) is a set of sentences in a formal language. In most scenarios a deductive system is first understood from context, after which an element ϕ ∈ T {\displaystyle \phi \in T} of a deductively closed theory T {\displaystyle T} is then called a theorem of the theory.
First-order logic—also called predicate logic, predicate calculus, quantificational logic—is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. First-order logic uses quantified variables over non-logical objects, and allows the use of sentences that contain variables.