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Heterosis, hybrid vigor, or outbreeding enhancement is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. An offspring is heterotic if its traits are enhanced as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of its parents.
The workflow of a typical hybrid genome assembly experiment using second- and third-generation sequencing technologies. Figure adapted from Wang et al., 2012 [14]. One hybrid approach to genome assembly involves supplementing short, accurate second-generation sequencing data (i.e. from IonTorrent, Illumina or Roche 454) with long less accurate third-generation sequencing data (i.e. from PacBio ...
Hybrid fitness may also differ with cross direction, [25] between first generation and later generation hybrids, [26] and among individuals within generations of the same cross-type. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] In some cases hybrids may evolve into new hybrid species with reproductive isolation to both parent taxa.
The words homozygous, heterozygous, and hemizygous are used to describe the genotype of a diploid organism at a single locus on the DNA. Homozygous describes a genotype consisting of two identical alleles at a given locus, heterozygous describes a genotype consisting of two different alleles at a locus, hemizygous describes a genotype consisting of only a single copy of a particular gene in an ...
Beefalo, a cross of an American bison and a domestic cow. This is a fertile breed; this, along with mitochondrial DNA evidence, [11] has led bison to occasionally be classified in the genus Bos. Zubron, a hybrid between wisent (European bison) and domestic cow. Yakalo, a hybrid between a bison and a yak.
Gene conversion is the process by which one DNA sequence replaces a homologous sequence such that the sequences become identical after the conversion. [1] Gene conversion can be either allelic, meaning that one allele of the same gene replaces another allele, or ectopic, meaning that one paralogous DNA sequence converts another.
F1 hybrid (also known as filial 1 hybrid) is the first filial generation of offspring of distinctly different parental types. [1] F1 hybrids are used in genetics, and in selective breeding, where the term F1 crossbreed may be used. The term is sometimes written with a subscript, as F 1 hybrid. [2] [3] Subsequent generations are called F 2, F 3 ...
The DNA of one organism is labelled, then mixed with the unlabelled DNA to be compared against. The mixture is incubated to allow DNA strands to dissociate and then cooled to form renewed hybrid double-stranded DNA. Hybridized sequences with a high degree of similarity will bind more firmly, and require more energy to separate them.