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2. Spectrum analyzer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_analyzer

   Spectrum analyzers are widely used to measure the frequency response, noise and distortion characteristics of all kinds of radio-frequency (RF) circuitry, by comparing the input and output spectra. For example, in RF mixers, spectrum analyzer is used to find the levels of third order inter-modulation products and conversion loss.

3. Measuring receiver - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_receiver

   Spectrum analyzers are intended to graphically display the amplitude spectrum of a radio signal on a logarithmic scale. Modulation analyzers are intended to accurately measure not only the signal power level, but also the degree of modulation (such as AM depth, FM/PM deviations), and modulation distortions.

4. Relative intensity noise - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_intensity_noise

   Relative intensity noise (RIN), describes the instability in the power level of a laser. The noise term is important to describe lasers used in fiber-optic communication and LIDAR remote sensing. Relative intensity noise can be generated from cavity vibration, fluctuations in the laser gain medium or simply from transferred intensity noise from ...

5. Signal-to-noise ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio

   For n-bit integers with equal distance between quantization levels (uniform quantization) the dynamic range (DR) is also determined. Assuming a uniform distribution of input signal values, the quantization noise is a uniformly distributed random signal with a peak-to-peak amplitude of one quantization level, making the amplitude ratio 2 n /1 ...

6. EMF measurement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMF_measurement

   frequency selective measurements: in which the measurement system consists of a field antenna and a frequency selective receiver or spectrum analyzer allowing to monitor the frequency range of interest. EMF probes may respond to fields only on one axis, or may be tri-axial, showing components of the field in three directions at once.

7. Phase noise - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_noise

   Spectrum analyzer based measurement can show the phase-noise power over many decades of frequency; e.g., 1 Hz to 10 MHz. The slope with offset frequency in various offset frequency regions can provide clues as to the source of the noise; e.g., low frequency flicker noise decreasing at 30 dB per decade (= 9 dB per octave). [3] Phase noise ...

8. Peak programme meter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_programme_meter

   A variety of terms such as 'line-up level' and 'operating level' exist, and their meaning may vary from place to place. In an attempt bring clarity to level definitions in the context of programme transmission from one country to another, where different technical practices may apply, ITU-R Rec. BS.645 defined three reference levels: Measurement Level (ML), Alignment Level (AL) and Permitted ...

9. Noise floor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_floor

   Measurement from a spectrum analyzer showing a noise-like measurement from an unspecified component.. In signal theory, the noise floor is the measure of the signal created from the sum of all the noise sources and unwanted signals within a measurement system, where noise is defined as any signal other than the one being monitored.