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The first volume is dedicated to the emergence of the university in the Middle Ages and its development until around 1500. Volume II describes and analyzes the university from the Reformation until the French Revolution (1500–1800), volume III the rise of the modern university until World War II (1800–1945) and the last volume the post-war period up to the present time.
A map of medieval universities in Europe. The university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting in Europe. [7] [8] For hundreds of years prior to the establishment of universities, European higher education took place in Christian cathedral schools and monastic schools (scholae monasticae), where monks and nuns taught classes.
European universities date from the founding of the University of Bologna in 1088 or the University of Paris (c. 1150–70). The original medieval universities arose from the Roman Catholic Church schools. Their purposes included training professionals, scientific investigation, improving society, and teaching critical thinking and research.
The University of Erfurt claims to be the oldest university in what is present day Germany, although it was closed for 178 years. [23] Heidelberg University (founded 1386, before actual teaching started in Erfurt) also claims to be Germany's oldest university. [24] 38: 1380: University of Dyrrachium: Medieval Kingdom of Albania: Durrës, Albania
Although some monastic schools contributed to the emerging medieval universities, the rise of the universities did not go unchallenged. Some monastic figures such as Bernard of Clairvaux considered the search for knowledge using the techniques of scholasticism to be a challenge to the monastic ideal of simplicity. [8]
Charles Homer Haskins (December 21, 1870 – May 14, 1937) was an American medievalist at Harvard University. [1] He was an advisor to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. He is widely recognized as the first academic medieval historian in the United States, and the Haskins Medal was named in his honor.
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Tower of St Salvator's College, St Andrews one of the three universities founded in the fifteenth century. Education in Medieval Scotland includes all forms of education within the modern borders of Scotland, between the departure of the Romans from Britain in the fifth century, until the establishment of the Renaissance late fifteenth century and early sixteenth century.