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Iron overload (also known as haemochromatosis or hemochromatosis) is the abnormal and increased accumulation of total iron in the body, leading to organ damage. [1] The primary mechanism of organ damage is oxidative stress , as elevated intracellular iron levels increase free radical formation via the Fenton reaction .
There are five types of hereditary hemochromatosis: type 1, 2 (2A, 2B), 3, 4 [9] and 5, [10] all caused by mutated genes. Hereditary hemochromatosis type 1 is the most frequent, and uniquely related to the HFE gene. It is most common among those of Northern European ancestry, in particular those of Celtic descent. [11]
Plasma iron concentration is elevated, and symptoms include joint pain, diabetes, and arrhythmia. Liver iron deposition tends to be greater in type 4B than in type 4A. [5] Liver damage occurs more frequently in this form of hemochromatosis than in type 4A, and some individuals develop cirrhosis of the liver. [3]
The most common symptoms of juvenile hemochromatosis are as follows: [2] [3] [4] Weakness; Lethargy; Hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) Arthropathy (joint disease) Diabetes; Heart disease (dilated cardiomyopathy). Complications of heart disease are the main cause of death in those with untreated hemochromatosis.
Tests on joint fluid may pick up on markers associated with some causes of joint pain like gout and infectious arthritis. Imaging tests. Imaging can help a healthcare provider visualize what your ...
Treatment for hemochromatosis type 3 may include reducing iron levels by removing blood (phlebotomy), iron chelation therapy, diet changes, and treatment for complications of the disease. The purpose of the treatment is to reduce the amount of iron in the body to normal levels, prevent or delay organ damage from excess iron, and maintain normal ...
It is also associated with the occurrence of other conditions like hypotransferrinemia, [4] [5] liver dysfunction, [6] [7] bone and joint issues, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hormone imbalances, porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), infertility, stroke, [8] neurodegenerative and brain damages, [9] some cancers, venous and peripheral artery disease.
Maybe we all watched a little too much This Is Us and are still mourning the loss of Jack Pearson, or maybe a kitchen mishap as a child has left us wary of slow cookers. Whatever the case may be ...