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Configurations with a high numerical aperture can measure on relatively steep flanks. Multiple sensors, with the same or different measurement ranges, can be used simultaneously, allowing differential measurement approaches (TTV) or expanding the use case of a system. Contact profilometer: this method is the most common surface measurement ...
The vertical uncertainty depends mainly on the roughness of the measured surface. For smooth surfaces, the accuracy of the measurement is limited by the accuracy of the positioning stage. The lateral positions of the height values depend on the corresponding object point that is imaged by the pixel matrix.
These angles, however are influenced also by the vertical height of the face and a possible abnormal positioning of nasion. [14] By using a comparative set of angles and distances, measurements can be related to one another and to normative values to determine variations in a patient's facial structure.
The vertical pictures are captured by the camera which is above the object being photographed without any tilting or deviation of the camera axis. [5] Areas in a vertical aerial photograph often have a consistent size. [4] Figure 2: The principle of vertical aerial photography. [3] [4]
A white light scanner (WLS) is a device for performing surface height measurements of an object using coherence scanning interferometry with spectrally-broadband, "white light" illumination. Different configurations of scanning interferometer may be used to measure macroscopic objects with surface profiles measuring in the centimeter range, to ...
Perambulators, or measuring wheels, were used to measure longer distances but not to a high level of accuracy. Tacheometry is the science of measuring distances by measuring the angle between two ends of an object with a known size. It was sometimes used before to the invention of EDM where rough ground made chain measurement impractical.
A human skull and measurement device from 1902. Craniometry is measurement of the cranium (the main part of the skull), usually the human cranium.It is a subset of cephalometry, measurement of the head, which in humans is a subset of anthropometry, measurement of the human body.
The Feret diameter or Feret's diameter is a measure of an object's size along a specified direction. In general, it can be defined as the distance between the two parallel planes restricting the object perpendicular to that direction. It is therefore also called the caliper diameter, referring to the measurement of the object size with a caliper.