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For many years, the Gary Works was the world's largest steel mill, and it remains the largest integrated mill in North America. [1] It is operated by U.S. Steel. The Gary Works includes both steelmaking and finishing facilities as an integrated mill, and has an annual capacity of 8.2 million tons. [2] It contains: [3] Four blast furnaces
Aerial view of the Völklingen Ironworks. In 1873, Julius Buch planned and built a steel works near Völklingen on the banks of the Saar river. [1] However, the steel works ceased operation only 6 years later, and were acquired by Karl Röchling. in 1881, construction on a blast furnace for producing iron began, and two years later the first smelter began operation. [1]
Integrated steel mill in the Netherlands.The two large towers are blast furnaces.. A steel mill or steelworks is an industrial plant for the manufacture of steel.It may be an integrated steel works carrying out all steps of steelmaking from smelting iron ore to rolled product, but may also be a plant where steel semi-finished casting products are made from molten pig iron or from scrap.
In 1889, the facility merged with three other steel mills to form a new company called Illinois Steel, which later became part of Federal Steel. [1] By 1901, the company was under the control of US Steel. [1] By 1951, the South Works boasted 11 blast furnaces, 8 electric furnaces, and 12 rolling mills, and employed some 15,000 employees. [2]
The steel mill has been integrated into a public park, with a blast furnace serving as a museum. Two blast furnaces have been preserved, including cowper stoves. Blast furnace 3 is a museum and serves as an observation platform. An elevator has been installed. The entire plant is illuminated at night.
Iron and steel scrap may be added to both the blast furnace and the basic iron furnace. US Steel operates a number of integrated steel mills, including the Gary Works in Gary, Indiana . They also operate the Edgar Thomson Works , which is the iron- and steel-making unit of the Mon Valley Works, which includes three other related plants.
The hot blast pumps hot air into the blast furnace. The hot blast temperature ranges from 900 to 1,300 °C (1,650 to 2,370 °F) depending on the design and condition. Oil, tar , natural gas, powdered coal and oxygen can be injected to combine with the coke to release additional energy and increase the percentage of reducing gases present ...
Blast furnaces are currently rarely used in copper smelting, but modern lead smelting blast furnaces are much shorter than iron blast furnaces and are rectangular in shape. [76] Modern lead blast furnaces are constructed using water-cooled steel or copper jackets for the walls, and have no refractory linings in the side walls. [77]