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Four independent inventions of writing are most commonly recognized [9] —in Mesopotamia (c. 3400–3100 BC), Egypt (c. 3250 BC), [10] [11] [7] China (before c. 1250 BC), [12] and Mesoamerica (before c. 1 AD). [13] Sumerian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs both gradually evolved from proto-writing between 3400 and 3100 BC.
If rongorongo does prove to be writing and to be an independent invention, it would be one of very few inventions of writing in human history. [ 3 ] Two dozen wooden objects bearing rongorongo inscriptions, some heavily weathered, burned, or otherwise damaged, were collected in the late 19th century and are now scattered in museums and private ...
Written Chinese makes use of Chinese characters, one of the four independent inventions of writing agreed by scholars, and the only one of these remaining in use. Speakers and readers exhibit a high degree of diglossia between both local varieties and Standard Chinese , and between written and spoken language.
Chinese characters are accepted as representing one of four independent inventions of writing in human history. [ b ] In each instance, writing evolved from a system using two distinct types of ideographs —either pictographs visually depicting objects or concepts, or fixed signs representing concepts only by shared convention.
For broader coverage of this topic, see Writing. A writing system comprises a set of symbols, called a script, as well as the rules by which the script represents a particular language. The earliest writing was invented during the late 4th millennium BC. Throughout history, each writing system invented without prior knowledge of writing gradually evolved from a system of proto-writing that ...
Writing technologies from different eras coexist easily in many homes and workplaces. During the course of a day or even a single episode of writing, for example, a writer might instinctively switch among a pencil, a touchscreen, a text-editor, a whiteboard, a legal pad, and adhesive notes as different purposes arise. [16]
[5] [4] This skepticism is justified not only by the failure of the numerous attempts at decipherment, but by the extreme rarity of independent writing systems around the world. Of those who have attempted to decipher rongorongo as a true writing system, the vast majority have assumed it was logographic, a few that it was syllabic or mixed.
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa - German alchemist, created the Transitus Fluvii, Malachim, and Celestial Alphabets, c. 1525.; Guru Angad - Sikh Guru, ascribed invention of Gurmukhi script c. 1539 according to tradition.