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Four independent inventions of writing are most commonly recognized [9] —in Mesopotamia (c. 3400–3100 BC), Egypt (c. 3250 BC), [10] [11] [7] China (before c. 1250 BC), [12] and Mesoamerica (before c. 1 AD). [13] Sumerian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs both gradually evolved from proto-writing between 3400 and 3100 BC.
Literature, as with most forms of art in the early modern period, was financed through patronage by nobles. Fiction writing was not considered a profession in its own right and was typically undertaken by those who already possessed independent wealth. [114] The invention of the printing press in the mid-15th century revolutionized European ...
Thoth - mythical Egyptian deity, ascribed invention of Egyptian hieroglyphics c. 3000 BC (?) according to tradition. John William Tims - Missionary, developed Blackfoot syllabary c. 1890. Marcus Tullius Tiro - Roman secretary, ascribed invention of Tironian notes shorthand c. 63 BC, according to tradition.
It is generally agreed that Sumerian writing was an independent invention; however, it is debated whether Egyptian writing was developed completely independently of Sumerian, or was a case of cultural diffusion. Globular envelope with a cluster of accountancy tokens, Uruk period, from Susa – Louvre Museum
For broader coverage of this topic, see Writing. A writing system comprises a set of symbols, called a script, as well as the rules by which the script represents a particular language. The earliest writing was invented during the late 4th millennium BC. Throughout history, each writing system invented without prior knowledge of writing gradually evolved from a system of proto-writing that ...
Written Chinese makes use of Chinese characters, one of the four independent inventions of writing agreed by scholars, and the only one of these remaining in use. Speakers and readers exhibit a high degree of diglossia between both local varieties and Standard Chinese , and between written and spoken language.
Chinese characters are accepted as representing one of four independent inventions of writing in human history. [ b ] In each instance, writing evolved from a system using two distinct types of ideographs —either pictographs visually depicting objects or concepts, or fixed signs representing concepts only by shared convention.
If rongorongo does prove to be writing and to be an independent invention, it would be one of very few inventions of writing in human history. [ 3 ] Two dozen wooden objects bearing rongorongo inscriptions, some heavily weathered, burned, or otherwise damaged, were collected in the late 19th century and are now scattered in museums and private ...