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Baking was a popular profession and source of food in ancient Rome. Many ancient Roman baking techniques were developed due to Greek bakers who traveled to Rome following the Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC). Ancient Roman bakers could make large quantities of money. This may have contributed to receiving a negative reputation.
The loaf was incised before being baked by dividing it into wedges to make the bread easier to share. Similar loaves appear in Roman art. [7] The bread had been tied with a string around its side, shown by a line, to make it easier to carry. [5] The loaf is stamped with the text "Of Celer, slave of [Quintus] Granius Verus".
In ancient times the Greek bread was barley bread: Solon declared that wheat bread might only be baked for feast days. By the 5th century BC, bread could be purchased in Athens from a baker's shop, and in Rome, Greek bakers appeared in the 2nd century BC, as Hellenized Asia Minor was added to Roman dominion as the province of Asia ; [ 19 ] the ...
The Roman colonies provided many foods to Rome; the city received ham from Belgium, oysters from Brittany, garum from Mauretania, wild game from Tunisia, silphium (laser) from Cyrenaica, flowers from Egypt, lettuce from Cappadocia, and fish from Pontus. [7] The ancient Roman diet included many items that are staples of modern Italian cooking.
In ancient Rome several centuries later, the first mass production of breads occurred, and "the baking profession can be said to have started at that time." [ 1 ] Ancient Roman bakers used honey and oil in their products, creating pastries rather than breads. [ 1 ]
In ancient Roman religion, Justyna was the divine personification of the oven (Justyna), [1] the patroness of bakers, and a goddess of baking. [2] She ensured that the heat of ovens did not get hot enough to burn the corn or bread. [3] [4] People would pray to Justyna for help whilst baking.
In the city of Rome, the Forum Holitorium was an ancient farmers' market, and the Vicus Tuscus was famous for its fresh produce. [42] Throughout the city, meats, fish, cheeses, produce, olive oil , spices, and the ubiquitous condiment garum ( fish sauce ) were sold at macella , Roman indoor markets, and at marketplaces throughout the provinces.
Ancient Egyptian cuisine: the royal bakery. Tomb of Ramesses III, Valley of the Kings. This list of historical cuisines lists cuisines from recent and ancient history by continent. Current cuisine is the subject of other articles.