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Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are graphene nanoparticles with a size less than 100 nm. [1] Due to their exceptional properties such as low toxicity, stable photoluminescence , chemical stability and pronounced quantum confinement effect, GQDs are considered as a novel material for biological, opto-electronics, energy and environmental applications.
Graphene doped with various gaseous species (both acceptors and donors) can be returned to an undoped state by gentle heating in vacuum. [22] [24] Even for dopant concentrations in excess of 10 12 cm −2 carrier mobility exhibits no observable change. [24] Graphene doped with potassium in ultra-high vacuum at low temperature can reduce ...
Graphene quantum dots have also been blended with organic electronic materials to improve efficiency and lower cost in photovoltaic devices and organic light emitting diodes compared to graphene sheets. These graphene quantum dots were functionalized with organic ligands that experience photoluminescence from UV–visible absorption. [103]
A graphene quantum dot (GQD) is a graphene fragment with a size lesser than 100 nm. The properties of GQDs are different from bulk graphene due to the quantum confinement effects which only become apparent when the size is smaller than 100 nm. [214] [215] [216]
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Research is exploring the creation of quantum dots by changing the width of GNRs at select points along the ribbon, creating quantum confinement. [27] [20] Heterojunctions inside single graphene nanoribbons have been realized, among which structures that have been shown to function as tunnel barriers.
Many condensed matter systems, such as quantum dot coupled to topological superconducting wires, [4] graphene flake with irregular boundary, [5] and kagome optical lattice with impurities, [6] are proposed to be modeled by it.
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