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  2. Central processing unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit

    Block diagram of a basic uniprocessor-CPU computer. Black lines indicate data flow, whereas red lines indicate control flow; arrows indicate flow directions. Hardwired into a CPU's circuitry is a set of basic operations it can perform, called an instruction set. Such operations may involve, for example, adding or subtracting two numbers ...

  3. Computer architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture

    Block diagram of a basic computer with uniprocessor CPU. Black lines indicate control flow, whereas red lines indicate data flow. Arrows indicate the direction of flow. In computer science and computer engineering, computer architecture is a description of the structure of a computer system made from component parts. [1]

  4. Instruction set architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture

    Some microcoded CPU designs with a writable control store use it to allow the instruction set to be changed (for example, the Rekursiv processor and the Imsys Cjip). [19] CPUs designed for reconfigurable computing may use field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). An ISA can also be emulated in software by an interpreter. Naturally, due to the ...

  5. Microarchitecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microarchitecture

    Diagram of the Intel Core 2 microarchitecture. In electronics, computer science and computer engineering, microarchitecture, also called computer organization and sometimes abbreviated as μarch or uarch, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented in a particular processor. [1]

  6. Block diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_diagram

    An example of this is the function block diagram, one of five programming languages defined in part 3 of the IEC 61131 (see IEC 61131-3) standard that is highly formalized (see formal system), with strict rules for how diagrams are to be built. Directed lines are used to connect input variables to block inputs, and block outputs to output ...

  7. Computer hardware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware

    Microarchitecture, also known as computer organization, refers to high-level hardware questions such as the design of the CPU, memory, and memory interconnect. [26] Memory hierarchy ensures that the memory quicker to access (and more expensive) is located closer to the CPU, while slower, cheaper memory for large-volume storage is located ...

  8. List of Intel CPU microarchitectures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_micro...

    The 8088 version, with an 8-bit bus, was used in the original IBM Personal Computer. 186 included a DMA controller, interrupt controller, timers, and chip select logic. A small number of additional instructions. The 80188 was a version with an 8-bit bus. 286 first x86 processor with protected mode including segmentation based virtual memory ...

  9. Instruction cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_cycle

    The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the fetch–execute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions. It is composed of three main stages: the fetch stage, the decode stage, and the execute stage.