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Essentialism has been controversial from its beginning. In the Parmenides dialogue, Plato depicts Socrates questioning the notion, suggesting that if we accept the idea that every beautiful thing or just action partakes of an essence to be beautiful or just, we must also accept the "existence of separate essences for hair, mud, and dirt". [3]
There are 51 Byzantine manuscripts in Greek minuscule that constitute the main basis for the text of Plato's works. [2] Codex Oxoniensis Clarkianus 39 — 895 AD; first six tetralogies, designated B. [3] Codex Parisinus graecus 1807 — circa 900 AD; last two tetralogies and the apocrypha, designated A
As a young man, Plato encountered debates in the circles around Anaxagoras and Socrates over whether Homer's poems contained allegories. [8] Plato refers to these debates and made allegories and the nature of allegory a prominent theme in his dialogues. [9] He uses many allegorical devices and explicitly calls attention to them.
The Charmides (/ ˈ k ɑːr m ɪ d iː z /; Ancient Greek: Χαρμίδης) is a dialogue of Plato, in which Socrates engages a handsome and popular boy named Charmides in a conversation about the meaning of sophrosyne, a Greek word usually translated into English as "temperance," "self-control," or "restraint." When the boy is unable to ...
Set-theoretic realism (also set-theoretic Platonism) [3] a position defended by Penelope Maddy, is the view that set theory is about a single universe of sets. [4] This position (which is also known as naturalized Platonism because it is a naturalized version of mathematical Platonism) has been criticized by Mark Balaguer on the basis of Paul ...
The Form of the Good, or more literally translated "the Idea of the Good" (ἡ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ἰδέα [a]), is a concept in the philosophy of Plato.In Plato's Theory of Forms, in which Forms are defined as perfect, eternal, and changeless concepts existing outside space and time, the Form of the Good is the mysterious highest Form and the source of all the other Forms.
Here the connective "and" is used disjunctively, as is "or"; he presents a commutative law (3) and a distributive law (4) for the notion of "collecting". The notion of separating a part from the whole he symbolizes with the "-" operation; he defines a commutative (5) and distributive law (6) for this notion: (3) y + x = x + y [commutative law]
Parmenides (Greek: Παρμενίδης) is one of the dialogues of Plato.It is widely considered to be one of the most challenging and enigmatic of Plato's dialogues. [1] [2] [3] The Parmenides purports to be an account of a meeting between the two great philosophers of the Eleatic school, Parmenides and Zeno of Elea, and a young Socrates.