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An open (differential) mercury pressure gauge. A mercury pressure gauge is a type of manometer using mercury as the working fluid. The most basic form of this instrument is a U-shaped glass tube filled with mercury. More complex versions deal with very high pressure or have better means of filling with mercury.
Pressure range, sensitivity, dynamic response and cost all vary by several orders of magnitude from one instrument design to the next. The oldest type is the liquid column (a vertical tube filled with mercury) manometer invented by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643. The U-Tube was invented by Christiaan Huygens in 1661.
The pressure across the test piece is typically measured with a U tube manometer while, for increased sensitivity and accuracy, the pressure difference across the metering element is measured with an inclined manometer. One end of each manometer is connected to its respective plenum chamber while the other is open to the atmosphere.
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Such barometers are an enclosed column of mercury standing vertically with gradations on the tube. The lower end of the tube is bathed in a pool of mercury open to the ambient to measure the local atmospheric pressure. The reading of a mercury barometer (in mm of Hg, for example) can be converted into an absolute pressure using the above equations.
Direct reading design of a U-tube manometer. One of the earliest pressure measurement devices was the Mercury barometer, credited to Torricelli (1643), [19] which read atmospheric pressure using Mercury. Soon after, water-filled manometers were designed. All these would have linear calibrations using gravimetric principles, where the difference ...
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I think this page needs to be reworked. "manometer" typically only refers to devices that use a fluid column to measure pressure. I suggest re-titling the page, maybe "Pressure Measuring Devices," then restructuring the article. Break it up into 1. Manometers (include piezometer tube, u-tube manometer, and inclined tube manometer), and 2.
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