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Ibid. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning ' in the same place ', commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar to idem, literally meaning ' the same ', abbreviated id., which is commonly used in legal ...
idem is a Latin term meaning "the same". It is commonly abbreviated as id., which is particularly used in legal citations to denote the previously cited source (compare ibid.). It is also used in academic citations to replace the name of a repeated author.
The easily confused idem (sometimes abbreviated id.), the Latin definitive pronoun meaning "the same" [5] is also used on occasion (especially in legal writing) within footnotes, and is a stand-in for the last-cited author, rather than title. [5] The Latin adverb supra, meaning "above", means simply "see above" and can therefore be somewhat ...
The abbreviation is used in citations. Not to be confused with id. id. idem "the same" (man) [1] It is used to avoid repeating the name of a male author (in citations, footnotes, bibliographies, etc.) When quoting a female author, use the corresponding feminine form, ead. , "the same" (woman). i.a. inter alia "among other things"
At the end. Used in footnotes, for example, "p. 157 in fine": "the end of page 157". in flagrante delicto: in a blazing wrong, while the crime is blazing: Caught in the act (esp. a crime or in a "compromising position"); equivalent to "caught red-handed" in English idiom. in flore: in blossom: Blooming. in foro: in forum: In court . in forma ...
Names for footnotes and groups must follow these rules: Names are case-sensitive. Please do not use raNdOM capitalization. Names must not be purely numeric; the software will accept something like ":31337" (which is punctuation plus a number), but it will ignore "31337" (purely numeric).
Footnotes with list-defined references Shortened footnotes Citations can also be placed as external links , but these are not preferred because they are prone to link rot and usually lack the full information necessary to find the original source in cases of link rot.
Loc. cit. (Latin, short for loco citato, meaning "in the place cited") is a footnote or endnote term used to repeat the title and page number for a given work (and author). Loc. cit. is used in place of ibid. when the reference is not only to the work immediately preceding, but also refers to the same page.