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Arthur Dale Riggs (August 8, 1939 – March 23, 2022) [1] was an American geneticist who worked with Genentech to express the first artificial gene in bacteria.His work was critical to the modern biotechnology industry because it was the first use of molecular techniques in commercial production of drugs [2] and enabled the large-scale manufacturing of protein drugs, including insulin.
Genentech developed the technique used to produce the first such insulin, Humulin, but did not commercially market the product themselves. Eli Lilly marketed Humulin in 1982. [28] Humulin was the first medication produced using modern genetic engineering techniques in which actual human DNA is inserted into a host cell (E. coli in this case ...
Genentech, Inc. is an American biotechnology corporation headquartered in South San Francisco, California, wholly owned by the Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company, the Roche Group. It became an independent subsidiary of Roche in 2009.
Genentech announced the production of genetically engineered human insulin in 1978. [75] In 1980 the U.S. Supreme Court in the Diamond v. Chakrabarty case ruled that genetically altered life could be patented. [76] The insulin produced by bacteria, branded humulin, was approved for release by the Food and Drug Administration in 1982. [77]
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1982: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the release of the first genetically engineered human insulin, originally biosynthesized using recombination DNA methods by Genentech in 1978. [54] Once approved, the cloning process lead to mass production of humulin (under license by Eli Lilly & Co.).