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Capital expenditures are the funds used to acquire or upgrade a company's fixed assets, such as expenditures towards property, plant, or equipment (PP&E). [3] In the case when a capital expenditure constitutes a major financial decision for a company, the expenditure must be formalized at an annual shareholders meeting or a special meeting of the Board of Directors.
Capital expenditures either create cost basis or add to a preexisting cost basis and cannot be deducted in the year the taxpayer pays or incurs the expenditure. [ 3 ] In terms of its accounting treatment, an expense is recorded immediately and impacts directly the income statement of the company, reducing its net profit.
Capital costs are fixed, one-time expenses incurred on the purchase of land, buildings, construction, and equipment used in the production of goods or in the rendering of services. In other words, it is the total cost needed to bring a project to a commercially operable status.
Capital budgeting in corporate finance, corporate planning and accounting is an area of capital management that concerns the planning process used to determine whether an organization's long term capital investments such as new machinery, replacement of machinery, new plants, new products, and research development projects are worth the funding of cash through the firm's capitalization ...
A capital improvement plan (CIP), or capital improvement program, is a short-range plan, usually four to ten years, that identifies capital projects and equipment purchases, provides a planning schedule and identifies options for financing the plan.
Consumption of fixed capital (CFC) is a term used in business accounts, tax assessments and national accounts for depreciation of fixed assets. CFC is used in preference to "depreciation" to emphasize that fixed capital is used up in the process of generating new output, and because unlike depreciation it is not valued at historic cost but at ...
Further, accrual accounting may encourage government borrowing because capital expenditures are not counted as a current year expense. [6] This creates an opportunity to expand government capital programs without having to show any cost in terms of an increase in the (accrual accounting-based) deficit. [7]: 106 [6]
As a simple example, a company buys a generator that costs $1,000 that is expected to last for 10 years. Under straight-line depreciation, the most simple form of depreciation, the company allocates $100 of the cost of the generator to its expenses every year, until the $1,000 capital expense has been "used up."