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Mission Command, for example, is a command philosophy to which many modern military establishments aspire, and which involves individual judgment and action within the overall framework of the commander's intent. Its assumptions about the value of individual initiative make it more a Theory-Y than a Theory X philosophy. [14]
Primary goals allow an individual to bracket the interaction. [2] They are also referred to as influence goals as they are the key ways an individual might impact another person. [ 7 ] The primary goals are: gain assistance, give advice, share activity, change orientation, change relationship, obtain permission, and enforce rights and ...
Management by objectives (MBO), also known as management by planning (MBP), was first popularized by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book The Practice of Management. [1] Management by objectives is the process of defining specific objectives within an organization that management can convey to organization members, then deciding how to achieve each objective in sequence.
Personal initiative (PI) is self-starting and proactive behavior that overcomes barriers to achieve a goal. [1] The concept was developed by Michael Frese and coworkers in the 1990s . The three facets of PI – self-starting, future oriented, and overcoming barriers form a syndrome of proactive behaviors relating to each other empirically.
Goal orientation, or achievement orientation, is an "individual disposition towards developing or validating one's ability in achievement settings". [1] In general, an individual can be said to be mastery or performance oriented, based on whether one's goal is to develop one's ability or to demonstrate one's ability, respectively. [2]
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Israel wasted no time after Bashar al-Assad’s fall to bomb all the Syrian military assets it wanted to keep out of the rebels’ hands – striking nearly 500 targets, destroying the navy, and ...
Duckworth initially proposed that people with a drive to tirelessly work through challenges, failures, and adversity to achieve set goals are better positioned to reach higher achievements than people who lack similar stamina. [4] In a series of six studies Duckworth et al. proposed, developed, and tested a two-factor grit scale. In addition to ...