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In Reformed epistemology, beliefs are held to be properly basic if they are reasonable and consistent with a sensible world view. Anti-foundationalism rejects foundationalism and denies there is some fundamental belief or principle which is the basic ground or foundation of inquiry and knowledge.
A belief is basic if it is justified directly, meaning that its validity does not depend on the support of other beliefs. [j] A belief is non-basic if it is justified by another belief. [123] For example, the belief that it rained last night is a non-basic belief if it is inferred from the observation that the street is wet. [124]
Reformed epistemology – Beliefs are warranted by proper cognitive function—proposed by Alvin Plantinga. Evidentialism – Beliefs depend solely on the evidence for them. Reliabilism – A belief is justified if it is the result of a reliable process. Infallibilism – Knowledge is incompatible with the possibility of being wrong.
Reformed epistemology – Beliefs are warranted by proper cognitive function—proposed by Alvin Plantinga. Evidentialism – Beliefs depend solely on the evidence for them. Reliabilism – A belief is justified if it is the result of a reliable process. Infallibilism – Knowledge is incompatible with the possibility of being wrong.
He describes Social Epistemology as knowledge derived from one’s interactions with another person, group or society. Goldman looks into one of the two strategies of the socialization of epistemology. This strategy includes the evaluation of social factors that impact knowledge formed on true belief.
Foundationalism holds basic beliefs exist, which are justified without reference to other beliefs, and that nonbasic beliefs must ultimately be justified by basic beliefs. Classical foundationalism maintains that basic beliefs must be infallible if they are to justify nonbasic beliefs, and that only deductive reasoning can be used to transfer ...
Intersectionality: The characteristics of an individual's life, such as race and gender, that come together to create all aspects of one's identity. Matrix of domination: Societal systems put in place that support the dominant group's power. Local knowledge: Knowledge that is rooted in an individual's beliefs, experiences, along with time and ...
The epistemic virtues, as identified by virtue epistemologists, reflect their contention that belief is an ethical process, and thus susceptible to intellectual virtue or vice. Some epistemic virtues have been identified by W. Jay Wood, based on research into the medieval tradition. Epistemic virtues are sometimes also called intellectual virtues.