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  2. Groundwater recharge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater_recharge

    [5] [6] This provides force for groundwater recharge and discharge to other waters as well. The extent of groundwater recharge by a wetland is dependent upon soil, vegetation, site, perimeter to volume ratio, and water table gradient. [7] [8] Groundwater recharge occurs through mineral soils found primarily around the edges of wetlands. [9]

  3. Groundwater - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 19 February 2025. Water located beneath the ground surface An illustration showing groundwater in aquifers (in blue) (1, 5 and 6) below the water table (4), and three different wells (7, 8 and 9) dug to reach it. Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in ...

  4. Specific storage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_storage

    According to Groundwater, by Freeze and Cherry (1979), specific storage, [m −1], of a saturated aquifer is defined as the volume of water that a unit volume of the aquifer releases from storage under a unit decline in hydraulic head.

  5. Groundwater discharge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater_discharge

    The discharge potential is a potential in groundwater mechanics which links the physical properties, hydraulic head, with a mathematical formulation for the energy as a function of position. The discharge potential, Φ {\textstyle \Phi } [L 3 ·T −1 ], is defined in such way that its gradient equals the discharge vector.

  6. Drainage equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_equation

    the discharge rate (Q) from the recharge rate (R) in a water balance as detailed in the article: hydrology (agriculture) the permissible long term average depth of the water table (Dw) on the basis of agricultural drainage criteria; the soil's hydraulic conductivity (Ka and Kb) by measurements; the depth of the bottom of the aquifer (Di)

  7. Drawdown (hydrology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawdown_(hydrology)

    The main contributor to groundwater drawdown since the 1960s is over-exploitation of groundwater resources. [2] Drawdown occurs in response to: pumping from the bore; interference from a neighbouring pumping bore; in response to local, intensive groundwater pumping; regional seasonal decline due to discharge in excess of recharge [3]

  8. Groundwater banking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater_banking

    This could increase the rate of discharge or decrease the amount of induced recharge, and both of these cause water to leave the basin. [2] The recharge and recovery could also affect the lateral and vertical groundwater flow into the aquifer. [2] There is not always a one-to-one correspondence between the volume of water and the change in ...

  9. Groundwater flow equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater_flow_equation

    the groundwater is flowing slowly (Reynolds number less than unity), and the hydraulic conductivity ( K ) is an isotropic scalar . Despite these large assumptions, the groundwater flow equation does a good job of representing the distribution of heads in aquifers due to a transient distribution of sources and sinks.