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It occurs in about 0.2 to 0.3% of cases treated with antithyroid drugs. [19] Other side effects include granulocytopenia (dose dependent, which improves on cessation of the drug) and aplastic anemia , and in case of propylthiouracil, severe, fulminant liver failure. [ 20 ]
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto's disease and autoimmune thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed. [7] [1] Early on, symptoms may not be noticed. [3] Over time, the thyroid may enlarge, forming a painless goiter. [3]
Hashimoto's thyroiditis was first described by Japanese physician Hashimoto Hakaru working in Germany in 1912. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, and patients with this disease often complain about difficulty swallowing. This condition may be so mild at first that the disease goes unnoticed for years.
HSD-11β Type 2 protects tissues from continuous activation by decreasing local cortisol levels and preventing 11-Oxoreductase from activating. [6] In tissues that do not express the mineralocorticoid receptor, such as the placenta and testis, it protects cells from the growth-inhibiting and/or pro-apoptotic effects of cortisol, particularly ...
Consistent with this hypothesis, autoantibodies to alpha-enolase have been found to be associated with Hashimoto's encephalopathy. [3] Since enolase is the penultimate step in glycolysis , if it were inhibited (for example by being bound by autoantibodies), one would expect decreased energy production by each cell, leading to resulting atrophy ...
Hakaru Hashimoto (橋本 策, Hashimoto Hakaru, May 5, 1881 – January 9, 1934) [1] [2] was a Japanese doctor and medical scientist of the Meiji and Taishō periods. He is best known for publishing the first description of the disease that was later named Hashimoto's thyroiditis .
Myxedema is known to occur in various forms of hypothyroidism, as well as hyperthyroidism, including Graves disease. One of the hallmarks of Grave's disease is pretibial myxedema, myxedema of the lower limb. [2] Myxedema is more common in women than in men. [3] Myxedema can occur in: Hyperthyroidism, associated with pretibial myxedema and ...
Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome (CIDS), also called cretinism, [2] is a medical condition present at birth marked by impaired physical and mental development, due to insufficient thyroid hormone production (hypothyroidism) often caused by insufficient dietary iodine during pregnancy.