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  2. Callus (cell biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callus_(cell_biology)

    Plant callus (plural calluses or calli) is a growing mass of unorganized plant parenchyma cells. In living plants, callus cells are those cells that cover a plant wound. In biological research and biotechnology callus formation is induced from plant tissue samples (explants) after surface sterilization and plating onto tissue culture medium in vitro (in a closed culture vessel such as a Petri ...

  3. Somatic embryogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_embryogenesis

    Many culture systems induce and maintain somatic embryogenesis by continuous exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Abscisic acid has been reported to induce somatic embryogenesis in seedlings. After callus formation, culturing on a low auxin or hormone free media will promote somatic embryo growth and root formation.

  4. Callus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callus

    A callus (pl.: calluses) is an area of thickened and sometimes hardened skin that forms as a response to repeated friction, pressure, or other irritation. Since repeated contact is required, calluses are most often found on the feet and hands, but they may occur anywhere on the skin. Some degree of callus, such as on the bottom of the foot, is ...

  5. Micropropagation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropropagation

    If the plant material grown is callus tissue, it can be placed in a blender and cut into smaller pieces and recultured on the same type of culture medium to grow more callus tissue. If the tissue is grown as small plants called plantlets, hormones are often added that cause the plantlets to produce many small offshoots.

  6. Plant embryonic development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_embryonic_development

    Plant growth regulators in the tissue culture medium can be manipulated to induce callus formation and subsequently changed to induce embryos to form the callus. The ratio of different plant growth regulators required to induce callus or embryo formation varies with the type of plant. Asymmetrical cell division also seems to be important in the ...

  7. Tissue culture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_culture

    The cells are bathed in a culture medium, which contains essential nutrients and energy sources necessary for the cells' survival. [8] Thus, in its broader sense, "tissue culture" is often used interchangeably with "cell culture". On the other hand, the strict meaning of "tissue culture" refers to the culturing of tissue pieces, i.e. explant ...

  8. Plant tissue culture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_tissue_culture

    Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues, or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. It is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation .

  9. Grafting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafting

    Temperature greatly affects the physiological stage of plants. If the temperature is too warm, premature budding may result. Elsewise, high temperatures can slow or halt callus formation. [3] Proper care of graft site: After grafting, it is important to nurse the grafted plant back to health for a period of time. Various grafting tapes and ...