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The gauge (in American English or more commonly referred to as bore in British English) of a firearm is a unit of measurement used to express the inner diameter (bore diameter) and other necessary parameter to define in general a smoothbore barrel (in difference of caliber what define a barrel with rifling and their cartridge).
32 gauge — .526 in (13.4 mm) 28 gauge — .550 in (14.0 mm) 24 gauge — .579 in (14.7 mm) 20 gauge — .615 in (15.6 mm) 16 gauge — .663 in (16.8 mm) 14 gauge — .693 in (17.6 mm) 12 gauge — .729 in (18.5 mm) 10 bore — .775 in (19.7 mm) 8 bore — .835 in (21.2 mm) 6 bore — .919 in (23.3 mm) 4 bore — 1.052 in (26.7 mm)
The effective length of the barrel (from breech to muzzle) is divided by the barrel diameter to give a dimensionless quantity. [2]: 81 For example, the main guns of the Iowa-class battleships can be referred to as 16"/50 caliber. They are 16 inches in diameter and the barrel is 800 inches long (16 × 50 = 800).
The different cartridge must be smaller in some dimensions than the original design cartridge, and since smaller cartridges are usually cheaper, the device allows less expensive fire practice. Alternative names sometimes imply the type of dimensional difference. A chamber insert may be used for a shorter cartridge of similar base diameter.
Generally speaking, 12 gauge shotguns produce more felt recoil than 20 gauge shotguns simply because 20 gauge is a smaller cartridge and usually contains less powder and less shot. However it is entirely possible to manufacture a 20 gauge shell that is more "powerful" than a 12 gauge shell.
It can for example allow for much higher muzzle velocities due to smaller lighter projectiles being fired from relatively larger propellant charges, [1] but it can also lower the cost of ammunition due to less material being used to produce the round compared to a full-caliber ammunition etc. Several methods exist for firing sub-caliber ammunition.
Headspace positioning of rimless, rimmed, belted and straight cartridges Several different rimmed, .22 rimfire cartridges, which have a uniform forward diameter, and which have headspace on the rim, allowing any length of cartridge shorter than the maximum size to be used in the same firearm Firearms chambered for tapered rimmed cartridges like this .303 British cannot safely fire shorter ...
Gauge: The gauge of a firearm is a unit of measurement used to express the diameter of the barrel. The M60 , a general purpose machine gun General purpose machine gun : A machine gun intended to fill the role of either a light machine gun or medium machine gun, while at the same time being man-portable.
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