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Metaphysical poetry as a style was prevalent in the time of English playwright William Shakespeare, who admonished pretension with the phrase "Better a witty fool than a foolish wit". [3] It may combine word play with conceptual thinking, as a kind of verbal display requiring attention, without intending to be laugh-out-loud funny. Indeed wit ...
Sarcasm recognition and expression both require the development of understanding forms of language, especially if sarcasm occurs without a cue or signal (e.g., a sarcastic tone or rolling the eyes). Sarcasm is argued to be more sophisticated than lying because lying is expressed as early as the age of three, but sarcastic expressions take place ...
The Tragedy of Troilus and Cressida, often shortened to Troilus and Cressida (/ ˈ t r ɔɪ l ʌ s ... ˈ k r ɛ s ɪ d ə / or / ˈ t r oʊ. ɪ l ʌ s /) [1] [2]), is a play by William Shakespeare, probably written in 1602.
Harsh sarcasm and bullying, though with the bully usually coming off worse than the victim – typified by: On the Buses, Arthur toward his wife, Olive, and Jack and Stan towards their boss Blakey; Blackadder, Edmund Blackadder toward his sidekick, Baldrick; The Young Ones, comedy TV series; Fawlty Towers, Basil Fawlty toward his waiter, Manuel
It usually takes the form of a story, often with dialogue, and ends in a punch line, whereby the humorous element of the story is revealed; this can be done using a pun or other type of word play, irony or sarcasm, logical incompatibility, hyperbole, or other means. [2] Linguist Robert Hetzron offers the definition:
Psychology researchers Lee and Katz have addressed the issue directly. They found that ridicule is an important aspect of sarcasm, but not of verbal irony in general. By this account, sarcasm is a particular kind of personal criticism levelled against a person or group of persons that incorporates verbal irony.
Shakespeare humorously set up an insult-hierarchy of seven-fold "degrees. The first, the Retort Courteous; the second, the Quip Modest; the third, the Reply Churlish; the fourth, the Reproof Valiant; the fifth, the Countercheck Quarrelsome; the sixth, the Lie with Circumstance; the seventh, the Lie Direct".
Relief theory suggests humor is a mechanism for pent-up emotions or tension through emotional relief. In this theory, laughter serves as a homeostatic mechanism by which psychological stress is reduced [1] [2] [6] Humor may thus facilitate ease of the tension caused by one's fears, for example.