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  2. Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat's_theorem_on_sums_of...

    If a number which is a sum of two squares is divisible by a prime which is a sum of two squares, then the quotient is a sum of two squares. (This is Euler's first Proposition). Indeed, suppose for example that a 2 + b 2 {\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}} is divisible by p 2 + q 2 {\displaystyle p^{2}+q^{2}} and that this latter is a prime.

  3. Euler's factorization method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_factorization_method

    The Brahmagupta–Fibonacci identity states that the product of two sums of two squares is a sum of two squares. Euler's method relies on this theorem but it can be viewed as the converse, given n = a 2 + b 2 = c 2 + d 2 {\displaystyle n=a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}+d^{2}} we find n {\displaystyle n} as a product of sums of two squares.

  4. Sum of two squares theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_of_two_squares_theorem

    Therefore, the theorem states that it is expressible as the sum of two squares. Indeed, 2450 = 7 2 + 49 2. The prime decomposition of the number 3430 is 2 · 5 · 7 3. This time, the exponent of 7 in the decomposition is 3, an odd number. So 3430 cannot be written as the sum of two squares.

  5. Sum of squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_of_squares

    A Pythagorean prime is a prime that is the sum of two squares; Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares states which primes are Pythagorean primes. Pythagorean triangles with integer altitude from the hypotenuse have the sum of squares of inverses of the integer legs equal to the square of the inverse of the integer altitude from the hypotenuse.

  6. Fermat's factorization method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat's_factorization_method

    Fermat's factorization method, named after Pierre de Fermat, is based on the representation of an odd integer as the difference of two squares: N = a 2 − b 2 . {\displaystyle N=a^{2}-b^{2}.} That difference is algebraically factorable as ( a + b ) ( a − b ) {\displaystyle (a+b)(a-b)} ; if neither factor equals one, it is a proper ...

  7. Difference of two squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_of_two_squares

    If two numbers (whose average is a number which is easily squared) are multiplied, the difference of two squares can be used to give you the product of the original two numbers. For example: 27 × 33 = ( 30 − 3 ) ( 30 + 3 ) {\displaystyle 27\times 33=(30-3)(30+3)}

  8. Factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization

    The polynomial x 2 + cx + d, where a + b = c and ab = d, can be factorized into (x + a)(x + b).. In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind.

  9. Diophantus II.VIII - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diophantus_II.VIII

    To divide a given square into a sum of two squares. To divide 16 into a sum of two squares. Let the first summand be , and thus the second . The latter is to be a square. I form the square of the difference of an arbitrary multiple of x diminished by the root [of] 16, that is, diminished by 4. I form, for example, the square of 2x − 4.

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