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Most VAV hoods integrate a modified bypass system to a conventional fume hood system to achieve a variable exhaust volume in proportion to the opening of the hood's face, [38]: 15 though a non-bypass design is also used to further decrease the overall volume of air required for operation. [5]
A fume hood is an example of an engineering control that uses local exhaust ventilation combined with an enclosure to isolate a worker from nanomaterials that may become airborne. Engineering controls for nanomaterials are a set of hazard control methods and equipment for workers who interact with nanomaterials.
For example, a single six-foot hood operating 24/7/365 costs over $5,000/year to operate. [1] [2] In addition, CAV hoods do not react rapidly to airflow disturbances (turbulence) within the hood or within the laboratory and, hence, their sole purpose of containment and protection can be seriously compromised.
A laminar flow cabinet blows unfiltered exhaust air towards the worker and is not safe for work with pathogenic agents, [2]: 13 [3] while a fume hood maintains negative pressure with constant exhaust to protect the user, but does not protect the work materials from contamination by the surrounding environment.
All exhaust air is HEPA-filtered as it exits the biosafety cabinet, removing harmful bacteria and viruses. [2] This is in contrast to a laminar flow clean bench, which blows unfiltered exhaust air towards the user and is not safe for work with pathogenic agents. [3]: 13 [4] Neither are most BSCs safe for use as fume hoods. [2]
Industrial exhaust ducts are pipe systems that connect hoods to industrial chimneys through other components of exhaust systems like fans, collectors, etc. Ducts are low-pressure pneumatic conveyors to convey dust, particles, shavings, fumes, or chemical hazardous components from air in the vicinity to a shop floor or any other specific locations like tanks, sanding machines, or laboratory hoods.
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