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The Maiden Tower (Azerbaijani: Qız qalası) is a 12th-century monument in the Old City, Baku, Azerbaijan.Along with the Shirvanshahs' Palace, dated to the 15th century, it forms a group of historic monuments listed in 2001 under the UNESCO World Heritage List of Historical Monuments as cultural property, Category III.
The Old City is the most ancient part of Baku, [3] which is surrounded by walls. In 2007, the Old City had a population of about 3,000 people. [4] In December 2000, the Old City of Baku, including the Palace of the Shirvanshahs and Maiden Tower, became the first location in Azerbaijan to be classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In 2000, this ensemble, along with the fortified walls of the historic part of the city and the Maiden Tower, was named a World Heritage Site. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] The palace is depicted on the obverse of the Azerbaijani 10,000 manat banknote of 1994–2006 [ 11 ] and of the 10 new manat banknote issued since 2006.
Azerbaijan has five sites on the list. The first site added to the list was the Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower, in 2000. Due to the damage sustained in the 2000 Baku earthquake, the site was listed as endangered from 2003 to 2009. [4] The Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape was listed in 2007.
The Maiden Tower, castles of Ramana, Nardaran, Shagan and Mardakan, and also the famous Sabayel castle on the island of the Baku Bay was built during this period. The city walls were also rebuilt and strengthened.
The architecture of Baku is not characterized by any particular architectural style, having accumulated its buildings over a long period of time. In itself, Baku contains a wide variety of styles, progressing through Masud Ibn Davud's 12th century Maiden Tower and the educational institutions and buildings of the Russian Imperial era.
Maiden Tower in Old Baku, a UNESCO World Heritage Site built in the 11th–12th century, recognised as the symbol of the city. Multani Caravanserai, Baku. Baku has wildly varying architecture, ranging from the Old City core to modern buildings and the spacious layout of Baku port.
The "Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower" was officially inscribed on the World Heritage List during the 24th session of the World Heritage Committee, which convened in Cairns, Australia, from November 27th to December 2, 2000. [33] [34]