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In mathematics, a total order or linear order is a partial order in which any two elements are comparable. That is, a total order is a binary relation ≤ {\displaystyle \leq } on some set X {\displaystyle X} , which satisfies the following for all a , b {\displaystyle a,b} and c {\displaystyle c} in X {\displaystyle X} :
Order theory is a branch of mathematics that investigates the intuitive notion of order using binary relations. It provides a formal framework for describing statements such as "this is less than that" or "this precedes that".
Total order. A total order T is a partial order in which, for each x and y in T, we have x ≤ y or y ≤ x. Total orders are also called linear orders or chains. Total relation. Synonym for Connected relation. Transitive relation. A relation R on a set X is transitive, if x R y and y R z imply x R z, for all elements x, y, z in X. Transitive ...
A linear extension is an extension that is also a linear (that is, total) order. As a classic example, the lexicographic order of totally ordered sets is a linear extension of their product order. Every partial order can be extended to a total order (order-extension principle). [16]
A relation that is functional and total. For example, the red and green relations in the diagram are functions, but the blue and black ones are not. An injection [d] A function that is injective. For example, the green relation in the diagram is an injection, but the red, blue and black ones are not. A surjection [d] A function that is surjective.
A total order, also called linear order, simple order, or chain, is a relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric, transitive and connected. [15] A strict total order, also called strict linear order, strict simple order, or strict chain, is a relation that is irreflexive, antisymmetric, transitive and connected.
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A strict weak order that is trichotomous is called a strict total order. [14] The total preorder which is the inverse of its complement is in this case a total order. For a strict weak order < another associated reflexive relation is its reflexive closure, a (non-strict) partial order .