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The industrial synthesis of 4,4′-biphenol was developed by Allan Hay in the 1960s. [2] [3] As the direct oxidative coupling of phenol gives a mixture of isomers, [4] [5] 4,4′-biphenol is instead prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, where para-coupling is the only possibility. [3]
Bisphenols A (BPA), F (BPF) and S (BPS) have been shown to be endocrine disruptors, potentially relating to adverse health effects. [3] [6] Due to its high production volumes, BPA has been characterised as a "pseudo-persistent" chemical, [7] leading to its spreading and potential accumulation in a variety of environmental matrices, even though it has a fairly short half-life.
Dihydroxybiphenyl (as known as biphenol) refers to a class of organic compounds consisting of a biphenyl structure with two hydroxyl groups attached. The most common isomers are 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl and 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl.
Bisphenol F (BPF; 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylmethane) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (HOC 6 H 4) 2 CH 2.It is structurally related to bisphenol A (BPA), a popular precursor for forming plastics, as both belong to the category of molecules known as bisphenols, which feature two phenol groups connected via a linking group.
In organic chemistry, a biphenol refers to compounds with the formula (C 6 H 4 OH) 2. Such compounds formally result from the coupling of two phenols . Chemical compound
The synthesis of BPA still follows Dianin's general method, with the fundamentals changing little in 130 years. The condensation of acetone (hence the suffix 'A' in the name) [ 33 ] with two equivalents of phenol is catalyzed by a strong acid, such as concentrated hydrochloric acid , sulfuric acid , or a solid acid resin such as the sulfonic ...
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Bisphenol S is prepared by the reaction of two equivalents of phenol with one equivalent of sulfuric acid or oleum. [41] 2 C 6 H 5 OH + H 2 SO 4 → (C 6 H 4 OH) 2 SO 2 + 2 H 2 O 2 C 6 H 5 OH + SO 3 → (C 6 H 4 OH) 2 SO 2 + H 2 O. This reaction can also produce 2,4'-sulfonyldiphenol, a common isomeric complication in electrophilic aromatic ...