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A sports-related traumatic brain injury is a serious accident which may lead to significant morbidity or mortality.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in sports are usually a result of physical contact with another person or stationary object, [1] These sports may include boxing, gridiron football, field/ice hockey, lacrosse, martial arts, rugby, soccer, wrestling, auto racing, cycling, equestrian ...
Concussion, a type of mild traumatic brain injury that is caused by a direct or indirect hit to the head, body, or face is a common injury associated with sports and can affect people of all ages. A concussion is defined as a "complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by biomechanical forces". [ 1 ]
Most documented cases of chronic traumatic encephalopathy have occurred in many athletes involved in contact sports such as boxing, American football, professional wrestling, ice hockey, mixed martial arts, rugby and soccer. [1] [2] Other risk factors include being in the military, prior domestic violence, and repeated banging of the head. [1]
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A 2013 study of high school and college football players split fatalities into two types: direct fatalities, defined as those caused by "trauma from participation in a sport resulting in a brain injury, cervical fracture, or intra-abdominal injury" and indirect fatalities, defined as those resulting from external factors such as "cardiac ...
The terms mild brain injury, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), mild head injury (MHI), and concussion may be used interchangeably; [143] [88] although the term "concussion" is still used in sports literature as interchangeable with "MHI" or "mTBI", the general clinical medical literature uses "mTBI" instead, since a 2003 CDC report outlined ...
On-field predictors of injury severity can define return-to-play guidelines and urgency of care, but past criteria have either lacked sufficient incidence for effective utility, [10] [11] did not directly address the severity of the injury, [12] or have become cumbersome and fraught with inter-rater reliability issues.
Of those 30 million, about 3 million athletes aged 14 and under suffer a sports related injury annually. [ 1 ] According to a study performed at Stanford University , 21% of injuries observed in elite college athletes caused them to miss at least one day of sports activity, and approximately 77% of these injuries involved the knee, leg, ankle ...