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T-beams are similar to double tees but can be used for span ranging from 30 feet (9.1 m) to 100 feet (30 m). Joists and planks are combination of using prestressed joists with prestressed planks. Keystone-shape joists can be used for up to 36-foot (11 m) spans and tee-shape joists can be used for up to 60-foot (18 m) span.
It was built as the replacement of the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales, which became unusable after the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989. The 2,010-square-metre (21,600 sq ft), 34-metre-high (110 ft) vesica piscis-shaped building formed the frame with a glued-laminated timber beam and steel-rod skeleton covered with a glass skin. Considering ...
Portal frame is a construction technique where vertical supports are connected to horizontal beams or trusses via fixed joints with designed-in moment-resisting capacity. [1] The result is wide spans and open floors.
The beams are continuously formed, so the length of the beam is limited only to the maximum length that can be handled and transported. Typical widths are 3 + 1 ⁄ 2, 5 + 1 ⁄ 4 or 7 inches (89, 133 or 178 mm); typical depths are 9 + 1 ⁄ 2, 11 + 7 ⁄ 8, 14, 16 and 18 inches (240, 300, 360, 410 and 460 mm). Typically the beams are made to a ...
A view of a roof using common purlin framing. The purlins are marked in red. This view is from the inside of the building, below the roof. The rafters are the beams of wood angled upward from the ground. They meet at the top of the gable at a ridge beam, which has extra bracing to attach it to the rafters.
Tension fabric buildings or tension fabric structures are constructed using a rigid frame—which can consist of timber, steel, rigid plastic, or aluminum—and a sturdy fabric outer membrane. Once the frame is erected, the fabric cover is stretched over the frame. The fabric cover is tensioned to provide the stable structural support of the ...
The top ends of the rafters often meet at a ridge beam, but may butt directly to another rafter to form a pair of rafters called a couple. Depending on the roof covering material, either horizontal laths , battens , or purlins are fixed to the rafters; or boards, plywood , or oriented strand board form the roof deck (also called the sheeting or ...
In 1971 "Micro=Lam LVL" was introduced. "Micro=Lam LVL" consisted of laminated veneer lumber billets 4 feet (1.2 m) wide, 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (89 mm) thick, and 80 feet (24 m) long. Troutner proved the structural capabilities of his Micro=Lam product by building a house in Hagerman, Idaho, using beams made of Micro=Lam.