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The Popes and Britain: a history of rule, rupture and reconciliation (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017). Lascelles, Christopher. Pontifex Maximus: A Short History of the Popes (Crux Publishing Ltd, 2017). Mcbrien, Richard (1997). Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to John Paul II. San Francisco: Harper San Francisco. ISBN 978-0-06-065304-0.
In the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, Spain ceded all of Florida to the United States, which established the Florida Territory in 1821. [18] In 1825, Pope Leo XII erected the Vicariate of Alabama and Florida, which included all of Florida, based in Mobile Alabama.
A similar warning against papal hubris made on this occasion was the traditional exclamation, "Annos Petri non-videbis", reminding the newly crowned pope that he would not live to see his rule lasting as long as that of St. Peter. According to tradition, he headed the church for 35 years and has thus far been the longest-reigning pope in the ...
751: Lombards abolish the Exarchate of Ravenna effectively ending last vestiges of Byzantine rule in central Italy and Rome. 756: Popes granted independent rule of Rome by King Pepin the Short of the Franks, in the Donation of Pepin. Birth of the Papal States. 787: Second Ecumenical Council of Nicaea resolved Iconoclasm.
Over the course of the 19th century, Italian nationalism put increasing strain on the Pope's rule of the Papal States. Italian unification culminated in Garibaldi's capture of Rome in 1870, which ended the Catholic Church's temporal sovereignty and led Pope Pius IX to declare himself a prisoner in the Vatican.
The third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Last pope to have been born outside Europe until the election of Francis in 2013. 91 3 December 741 – 22 March 752 (10 years, 110 days) St Zachary ZACHARIAS: Zacharias Sancta Severina, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 15 ...
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William Pope Duval (September 4, 1784 – March 19, 1854) was the first civilian governor of the Florida Territory, succeeding Andrew Jackson, who had been a military governor. In his twelve-year governorship, from 1822 to 1834, he divided Florida into four territories, established the local court system, and chose Tallahassee as the territory ...