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A bronchial challenge test is a medical test used to assist in the diagnosis of asthma. [1] The patient breathes in nebulized methacholine or histamine. Thus the test may also be called a methacholine challenge test or histamine challenge test respectively. Both drugs provoke bronchoconstriction, or narrowing of the airways.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness can be assessed with a bronchial challenge test. This most often uses products like methacholine or histamine. These chemicals trigger bronchospasm in normal individuals as well, but people with bronchial hyperresponsiveness have a lower threshold.
This test requires the patient to breathe aerosols of the suspected agent (asthmagen) through an oro-facial mask or mouth piece. These asthmagens are aerosolized using closed-circuit chambers, and the quantities and concentrations administered being minute and extremely stable minimize the risk of exaggerated responses. [5]
Methacholine is primarily used to diagnose bronchial hyperreactivity, [1] which is the hallmark of asthma and also occurs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This is accomplished through the bronchial challenge test, or methacholine challenge, in which a subject inhales aerosolized methacholine, leading to bronchoconstriction.
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Medication challenge tests, such as the methacholine challenge test, have a lower sensitivity for detection of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in athletes and are also not a recommended first-line approach in the evaluation of exercise-induced asthma. [13] Mannitol inhalation [14] [15] has been recently approved for use in the United States.
Methacholine +++ + ++ Used to diagnose bronchial hyperreactivity, [11] a hallmark of asthma and COPD. Bethanechol +++--Used in bladder and gastrointestinal hypotonia. Muscarine +++--Natural alkaloid found in certain mushrooms. Cause of one form of mushroom poisoning Nicotine-+++-Natural alkaloid found in the tobacco plant. Pilocarpine ++--Used ...
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