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The history of Lithuania dates back to settlements founded about 10,000 years ago, [1] [2] but the first written record of the name for the country dates back to 1009 AD. [3] Lithuanians , one of the Baltic peoples , later conquered neighboring lands and established the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 13th century (and also a short-lived ...
Pre-Holocaust Jewish population Notes Hebrew Latin Antopal: אנטיפאָליע Antipolye 1,792 (1921) Town survived, but all Jews were exterminated. Byerazino: בערעזין Berezin Town survived, but all Jews were exterminated. Brahin: בראָהין Brohin 2,254 (1897) Town survived. Chawusy: טשאָוס Tshous 7,444 (1897) Town survived ...
The Vilna Ghetto was called "Yerushalayim of the Ghettos" because it was known for its intellectual and cultural spirit. Before the war, Vilnius had been known as "Yerushalayim d'Lita" [15] (Yiddish: Jerusalem of Lithuania) for the same reason. The center of cultural life in the ghetto was the Mefitze Haskole Library, which was called the ...
The genocide in Lithuania was one of the earliest large-scale implementations of the Final Solution, leading some to conclude that the Holocaust began in Lithuania in the summer of 1941. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] ^ Other scholars say the Holocaust started in September 1939 with the onset of the Second World War, [ 31 ] or even earlier, on Kristallnacht in ...
Before World War II and the Holocaust, Vilnius was one of Europe's most important Jewish centers. Its Jewish influence has led to its being called "the Jerusalem of Lithuania", and Napoleon called it "the Jerusalem of the North" [19] when he passed through in 1812. Vilnius was a 2009 European Capital of Culture with Linz in Austria. [20]
Generalbezirk Litauen (Lithuanian: Lietuvos generalinė sritis, lit. ' General District Lithuania ') was one of the four administrative subdivisions of Reichskommissariat Ostland, the 1941–1944 civilian occupation regime established by Nazi Germany for the administration of the three Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) and the western part of the Byelorussian SSR.
By 1941 refugees had grown the Jewish population of Lithuania to approximately 250,000, or 10% of the total population. [9] During the German invasion of June 1941, 141,000 Jews were murdered. Unlike in Western Europe, Lithuanian Jews were generally killed a short distance from their homes.
The new charter of privileges permitted them to live throughout Lithuania as before. The return of the Jews and their attempt to regain their old possessions led to many difficulties and lawsuits. Alexander found it necessary to issue an additional decree (April 1503), directing his vice-regent to enforce the law.