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A 2007 study on the genetic history of Europe found that the most important genetic differentiation in Europe occurs on a line from the north to the south-east (northern Europe to the Balkans), with another east–west axis of differentiation across Europe, separating the indigenous Basques, Sardinians and Sami from other European populations ...
The ancestors of the people who built Stonehenge were Neolithic farmers originating from Anatolia who brought agriculture to Europe. [10] At the time of their arrival, around 4,000 BC, Britain was inhabited by groups of hunter-gatherers who were the first inhabitants of the island after the last Ice Age ended about 11,700 years ago. [11]
English: Linguistic, ethnographic, and political map of Eastern Europe by Casimir Delamarre (fr:Théodore-Casimir Delamarre), 1868. Original title: Clef de mon pluriel. Carte linguistique, ethnographique, et politique actuelle de l'Europe orientale, Russie, Autriche, Turquie / par Casimir Delamarre ; gravé chez Erhard.
England largely became bound up with the Atlantic trade system, which created a cultural continuum over a large part of Western Europe. [17] It is possible that the Celtic languages developed or spread to England as part of this system; by the end of the Iron Age there is much evidence that they were spoken across all England and western parts ...
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during the Paleolithic era.
Figures for the population of Europe vary according to the particular definition of Europe's boundaries. In 2018, Europe had a total population of over 751 million people. [1] [2] 448 million of them lived in the European Union and 110 million in European Russia; Russia is the most populous country in Europe.
Map of population density in England as at the 2011 census The non-metropolitan counties and unitary authorities of England in 2020 by total population.. The demography of England has since 1801 been measured by the decennial national census, and is marked by centuries of population growth and urbanization.
The empire's population was classified into white people, also referred to as Europeans, and non-white people, variously referred to as persons of color, negros and natives.