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Dominant seventh chords are often built on the fifth scale degree (or dominant) of a key. For instance, in the C major scale, G is the fifth note of the scale, and the seventh chord built on G is the dominant seventh chord, G 7 (shown above). In this chord, F is a minor seventh above G.
The concept of harmonic function originates in theories about just intonation.It was realized that three perfect major triads, distant from each other by a perfect fifth, produced the seven degrees of the major scale in one of the possible forms of just intonation: for instance, the triads F–A–C, C–E–G and G–B–D (subdominant, tonic, and dominant respectively) produce the seven ...
When we arrange the notes of the C major scale in ascending pitch and use only these notes to build a seventh chord, and we start with G (not C), then the resulting chord contains the four notes G–B–D–F and is called G dominant seventh (G 7). The note F is a minor seventh from G, and is also called the dominant seventh with respect to G.
The major seventh chord, sometimes also called a Delta chord, can be written as maj 7, M 7, Δ, ⑦, etc. The "7" does not have to be superscripted, but if it is, then any alterations, added tones, or omissions are usually also superscripted. For example, the major seventh chord built on C, commonly written as Cmaj 7, has pitches C–E–G–B:
Five of the most common seventh chord, all built on C: major (C Δ7), dominant (C 7), minor (C– 7), half-diminished (C ø 7), and diminished (C o 7) A seventh chord is a triad with a seventh . The seventh is either a major seventh [M7] above the root, a minor seventh [m7] above the root (flatted 7th), or a diminished seventh [d7] above the ...
The seventh scale degree is very often raised a half step to form a leading tone, making the dominant chord (V) a major chord (i.e. V major instead of v minor) and the subtonic chord (vii), a diminished chord (vii o, instead of ♭ VII). This version of minor scale is called the harmonic minor scale.
A secondary dominant (also applied dominant, artificial dominant, or borrowed dominant) is a major triad or dominant seventh chord built and set to resolve to a scale degree other than the tonic. The dominant (seventh) of the dominant (written as V 7 /V or V 7 of V) is the most frequently encountered. [ 5 ]
This technique is based on the fact that the third and seventh degrees of a dominant chord are enharmonically the same as the seventh and third degrees of the dominant chord a tritone away. For example, B and F, the third and seventh of a G7 chord, are enharmonic equivalents of C ♭ and F, the seventh and third of a D ♭ 7 chord.