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Lithium is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. [5] It is distributed to the body with higher levels in the kidney, thyroid, and bone as compared to other tissues. Since lithium is almost exclusively excreted by the kidneys, people with preexisting chronic kidney disease are at high risk of developing lithium intoxication. [13]
Potential side effects from lithium include gastrointestinal upset, tremor, sedation, excessive thirst, frequent urination, cognitive problems, impaired motor coordination, hair loss, and acne. [3] Excessive levels of lithium can be harmful to the kidneys, and increase the risk of side effects in general.
3) is the most commonly used form of lithium salts, a carbonic acid involving the lithium element and a carbonate ion. Other lithium salts are also used as medication, such as lithium citrate (Li 3 C 6 H 5 O 7), lithium sulfate, lithium chloride, and lithium orotate. [139] [140] Nanoparticles and microemulsions have also been invented as drug ...
4 NiCd vs. NiMH vs. Li-ion vs. Li–polymer vs. LTO. 5 See also. 6 References. ... Lithium manganese oxide or Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide Yes 2008 [45]
Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) is soluble in water. It is commonly used as a laxative, owing to the poor absorption of the sulfate component. In lower doses, they may be used as an oral magnesium source, however. Intravenous or intramuscular magnesium is generally in the form of magnesium sulfate solution. Intravenous or intramuscular ...
Effects generally take hours to days. [1] They are also used to remove potassium, calcium, and sodium from solutions in technical applications. Common side effects include loss of appetite, gastrointestinal upset, constipation, and low blood calcium. [1] These polymers are derived from polystyrene by the addition of sulfonate functional groups.
Therapy can include the use of zinc supplements to reduce the duration of diarrhea in infants and children under the age of 5. [1] Use of oral rehydration therapy has been estimated to decrease the risk of death from diarrhea by up to 93%. [2] Side effects may include vomiting, high blood sodium, or high blood potassium. [1]
Lithium sulfate is used to treat bipolar disorder (see lithium pharmacology).. Lithium sulfate is researched as a potential component of ion conducting glasses. Transparent conducting film is a highly investigated topic as they are used in applications such as solar panels and the potential for a new class of battery.