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The word appears to derive from Old Provençal into Old French biais, "sideways, askance, against the grain". Whence comes French biais, "a slant, a slope, an oblique". [3] It seems to have entered English via the game of bowls, where it referred to balls made with a greater weight on one side. Which expanded to the figurative use, "a one-sided ...
The Cognitive Bias Codex. A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. [1] Individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behavior in the world.
In psychology and cognitive science, a memory bias is a cognitive bias that either enhances or impairs the recall of a memory (either the chances that the memory will be recalled at all, or the amount of time it takes for it to be recalled, or both), or that alters the content of a reported memory. There are many types of memory bias, including:
Cultural bias has no a priori definition. [clarification needed] Instead, its presence is inferred from differential performance of socioracial (e.g., Blacks, Whites), ethnic (e.g., Latinos/Latinas, Anglos), or national groups (e.g., Americans, Japanese) on measures of psychological constructs such as cognitive abilities, knowledge or skills (CAKS), or symptoms of psychopathology (e.g ...
There are multiple formal definitions of "inherent bias" which depend on the particular field of study. In statistics, the phrase is used in relation to an inability to measure accurately and directly what one would wish to measure, meaning that indirect measurements are used which might be subject to unknown distortions.
Inductive bias, the set of assumptions that a machine learner uses to predict outputs of given inputs that it has not encountered. Weight and bias, two terms used to describe parameters in a neural network. Seat bias, any bias in a method of apportionment that favors either large or small parties over the other
Corporate bias, when stories are selected or slanted to please corporate owners of media. [11] [12] Coverage bias [13] when media choose to report only negative news about one party or ideology [14] Decision-making bias, means that the motivation, frame of mind, or beliefs of the journalists will have an impact on their writing. It is generally ...
Confirmation bias, previously used as a "catch-all phrase", was refined by English psychologist Peter Wason, as "a preference for information that is consistent with a hypothesis rather than information which opposes it." [4] Confirmation biases are effects in information processing.