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The frost line —also known as frost depth or freezing depth —is most commonly the depth to which the groundwater in soil is expected to freeze. The frost depth depends on the climatic conditions of an area, the heat transfer properties of the soil and adjacent materials, and on nearby heat sources. For example, snow cover and asphalt ...
Permafrost (from perma- ' permanent ', and frost) is soil or underwater sediment which continuously remains below 0 °C (32 °F) for two years or more: the oldest permafrost had been continuously frozen for around 700,000 years. [1] Whilst the shallowest permafrost has a vertical extent of below a meter (3 ft), the deepest is greater than 1,500 ...
One possible way of assessing soil thermal properties is the analysis of soil temperature variations versus depth Fourier's law, Q = − λ d T / d z {\displaystyle Q=-\lambda dT/dz\,} where Q is heat flux or rate of heat transfer per unit area J·m −2 ∙s −1 or W·m −2 , λ is thermal conductivity W·m −1 ∙K −1 ; dT / dz is the ...
Morgan County, Indiana. / 39.48°N 86.45°W / 39.48; -86.45. Morgan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 71,780. [1] The county seat (and only incorporated city) is Martinsville. [2] Morgan County is between Indianapolis, in Marion County, and Bloomington in ...
The NPL guides the EPA in "determining which sites warrant further investigation" for environmental remediation. [2] As of June 29, 2022, there have been 53 total Superfund sites on the National Priorities List in Indiana. [2] No additional sites are currently proposed for entry on the list. [3] Thirteen sites have been cleaned up and removed ...
The highest natural ground surface temperature ever recorded may have been an alleged reading of 93.9 °C (201.0 °F) at Furnace Creek, California, United States, on 15 July 1972. [7] In 2011, a ground temperature of 84 °C (183.2 °F) was recorded in Port Sudan, Sudan. [8] The theoretical maximum possible ground surface temperature has been ...
The physical properties of soil, in order of decreasing importance for ecosystem services such as crop production, are texture, structure, bulk density, porosity, consistency, temperature, colour and resistivity. [1] Soil texture is determined by the relative proportion of the three kinds of soil mineral particles, called soil separates: sand ...
According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Indiana's climate is changing. Most of the state has warmed about one degree (F) in the 20th century. Floods are becoming more frequent, and ice cover on the Great Lakes is forming later or melting sooner. In the coming decades, the state will have more extremely hot days, which ...