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While lithium is typically the most effective treatment, possible alternatives to Lithium include Lamotrigine and Second generation Antipsychotics for the treatment of acute bipolar depression or for the management of bipolar patients with normal mood during pregnancy.
Lithium – Lithium is the "classic" mood stabilizer, the first to be approved by the US FDA, and still popular in treatment. Therapeutic drug monitoring is required to ensure lithium levels remain in the therapeutic range: 0.6 to 0.8 or 0.8–1.2 mEq/L (or millimolar).
Potential side effects from lithium include gastrointestinal upset, tremor, sedation, excessive thirst, frequent urination, cognitive problems, impaired motor coordination, hair loss, and acne. [3] Excessive levels of lithium can be harmful to the kidneys, and increase the risk of side effects in general.
Onset of Bipolar Disorder. Signs of bipolar disorder generally emerge in young adulthood. Research suggests that 70 percent of people with bipolar disorder experience their first manic episode ...
Lithium citrate was removed from 7Up in 1948 [5] after the Food and Drug Administration banned its use in soda. [6] Lithium citrate is used as a mood stabilizer and is used to treat mania, hypomania, depression and bipolar disorder. [7] It can be administered orally in the form of a syrup. [7]
Lithium has been used to augment antidepressant therapy in those who have failed to respond to antidepressants alone. [89] Furthermore, lithium dramatically decreases the suicide risk in recurrent depression. [90] According to the results of the STAR-D experiment, the remission rate of lithium for treatment-resistant depression is about 15.9%. [91]