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[note 1] An accumulator enables a hydraulic system to cope with extremes of demand using a less powerful pump, to respond more quickly to a temporary demand, and to smooth out pulsations. It is a type of energy storage device. Compressed gas accumulators, also called hydro-pneumatic accumulators, are by far the most common type.
Gas cushion (spring) pre-filled accumulators of liquids are called hydropneumatic accumulators. "Hydro" because a liquid (like water) is involved. "Pneumatic" because a gas (like air) is involved. "Accumulator" because the purpose is to store or accumulate liquid volume by easy compression of the gas.
Diagram of recoil mechanism, British 60-pounder gun Mk.I, 1916 The idea of using a water brake to counteract the recoil of naval cannons was first suggested to the British Admiralty by Carl Wilhelm Siemens in early 1870s, but it took about a decade for other people (primarily Josiah Vavasseur) to commercialize the idea.
A hydraulic cylinder is the actuator or "motor" side of this system. The "generator" side of the hydraulic system is the hydraulic pump which delivers a fixed or regulated flow of oil to the hydraulic cylinder, to move the piston. There are three types of pump widely used: hydraulic hand pump, hydraulic air pump, and hydraulic electric pump.
Schematic diagram of a simple cascade filling system The storage cylinders may be used independently in sequence using a portable transfer whip with a pressure gauge and manual bleed valve, to transfill the receiving cylinder until the appropriate fill pressure has been reached, or the storage cylinders may be connected to a manifold system and ...
The water jet system's cutting head restricts the water flow to generate pressure and direct it onto the workpiece. A holding tank, called a hydraulic accumulator, is used to reduce pressure vibrations at the output end. The more recently developed parallel hydraulic intensifier also uses oscillating pistons to compress water.
Bosch and PSA Peugeot Citroën have developed a hybrid system that uses hydraulics as a way to transfer energy to and from a compressed nitrogen tank. An up to 45% reduction in fuel consumption is claimed, corresponding to 2.9 L/100 km (81 mpg, 69 g CO 2 /km) on the NEDC cycle for a compact frame like Peugeot 208. The system is claimed to be ...
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