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For instance, attenuators used with coaxial lines would be the unbalanced form while attenuators for use with twisted pair are required to be the balanced form. Four fundamental attenuator circuit diagrams are given in the figures on the left. Since an attenuator circuit consists solely of passive resistor elements, it is both linear and ...
One of the most common, and simplest, waveguide directional couplers is the Bethe-hole directional coupler. This consists of two parallel waveguides, one stacked on top of the other, with a hole between them. Some of the power from one guide is launched through the hole into the other. The Bethe-hole coupler is another example of a backward ...
A sample of the transmit signal is fed to an attenuator. The feed-through nuller samples the bleed-through signal arriving at the receiver. This bleed-through sample is amplified, filtered (low-pass), and this is used to drive the attenuator. Attenuator output is phase shifted 180 degrees added to the receive signal.
A Π-pad attenuator formed from two symmetrical L sections. Because of the symmetry, R 1 = R 3 in this case. For an attenuator, Z and Y are simple resistors and γ becomes the image parameter attenuation (that is, the attenuation when terminated with the image impedances) in nepers. A Π pad can be viewed as being two L sections back-to-back as ...
A T-pad attenuator formed from two symmetrical L sections. Because of the symmetry, R 1 = R 3 in this case. For an attenuator, Z and Y are simple resistors and γ becomes the image parameter attenuation (that is, the attenuation when terminated with the image impedances) in nepers. A T pad can be viewed as being two L sections back-to-back as ...
The attenuator synthesis application can be used to design various types of passive attenuators. The command line conversion program tool is used by the GUI to import and export datasets, netlists and schematics from and to other CAD/EDA software. The supported file formats as well as usage information can be found on the manpage of qucsconv.
For instance, if stage 1 represents a 6 dB attenuator so that =, then = + +. Effectively the noise temperature of the amplifier T 2 {\displaystyle T_{2}} has been quadrupled, in addition to the (smaller) contribution due to the attenuator itself T 1 {\displaystyle T_{1}} (usually room temperature if the attenuator is composed of resistors ).
Transformers, autotransformers, and baluns are sometimes incorporated into the design of narrow band antenna tuners and antenna cabling connections. They will all usually have little effect on the resonant frequency of either the antenna or the narrow band transmitter circuits, but can widen the range of impedances that the antenna tuner can match, and/or convert between balanced and ...