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The replication crisis [a] is an ongoing methodological crisis in which the results of many scientific studies are difficult or impossible to reproduce. Because the reproducibility of empirical results is an essential part of the scientific method , [ 2 ] such failures undermine the credibility of theories building on them and potentially call ...
The project has brought attention to the replication crisis, and has contributed to shifts in scientific culture and publishing practices to address it. [3] The project was led by the Center for Open Science and its co-founder, Brian Nosek, who started the project in November 2011. [4]
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method.For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability when the study is replicated.
In engineering, science, and statistics, replication is the process of repeating a study or experiment under the same or similar conditions. It is a crucial step to test the original claim and confirm or reject the accuracy of results as well as for identifying and correcting the flaws in the original experiment. [ 1 ]
The replication crisis (or credibility crisis) is a methodological crisis in science that researchers began to acknowledge around the 2010s. The controversy revolves around the lack of reproducibility of many scientific findings, including those in psychology (e.g., among 100 studies, less than 50% of the findings were replicated).
An alternative view is that it is premature to conclude that HARKing has contributed to the replication crisis. [7] [5] [14] The preregistration of research hypotheses prior to data collection has been proposed as a method of identifying and deterring HARKing. However, the use of preregistration to prevent HARKing is controversial. [3]
There are many philosophical and historical theories as to how scientific consensus changes over time. Because the history of scientific change is extremely complicated, and because there is a tendency to project "winners" and "losers" onto the past in relation to the current scientific consensus, it is very difficult to come up with accurate and rigorous models for scientific change. [17]
Replication (scientific method), one of the main principles of the scientific method, a.k.a. reproducibility Replication (statistics), the repetition of a test or complete experiment; Replication crisis; Self-replication, the process in which an entity (a cell, virus, program, etc.) makes a copy of itself