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In mathematics, the factorial of a non-negative integer, denoted by !, is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to . The factorial of also equals the product of with the next smaller factorial: ! = () = ()! For example, ! =! = =
The factorial number system is sometimes defined with the 0! place omitted because it is always zero (sequence A007623 in the OEIS). In this article, a factorial number representation will be flagged by a subscript "!". In addition, some examples will have digits delimited by a colon. For example, 3:4:1:0:1:0! stands for
I propose to write !! for such products, and if a name be required for the product to call it the "alternate factorial" or the "double factorial". Meserve (1948) [9] states that the double factorial was originally introduced in order to simplify the expression of certain trigonometric integrals that arise in the derivation of the Wallis product.
The ratio of the factorial!, that counts all permutations of an ordered set S with cardinality, and the subfactorial (a.k.a. the derangement function) !, which counts the amount of permutations where no element appears in its original position, tends to as grows.
In number theory, a factorion in a given number base is a natural number that equals the sum of the factorials of its digits. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The name factorion was coined by the author Clifford A. Pickover .
However, the gamma function, unlike the factorial, is more broadly defined for all complex numbers other than non-positive integers; nevertheless, Stirling's formula may still be applied.
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39,905,269 = number of square (0,1)-matrices without zero rows and with exactly 8 entries equal to 1 [28] 39,916,800 = 11 ! 39,916,801 = factorial prime [ 29 ]